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SARS-CoV-2 variants-associated outbreaks of COVID-19 in a tertiary institution, North- Central Nigeria: Implications for epidemic control
(Plos one, 2023) Oluwapelumi Olufemi Adeyemi,Nnaemeka Darlington Ndodo,Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman,Oyeronke Temidayo Ayansola,Oluwabunmi Idera Nimat Buhari,Olusola Anuoluwapo Akanbi,Oladimeji Akeem Bolarinwa,Chimaobi Chukwu,Ireoluwa Yinka Joel,Adesuyi Ayodeji Omoare,Kolawole Wasiu Wahab,Celestina Obiekea,Mikhail Olayinka Buhari, [ ... ],Abayomi Fadeyi
The COVID-19 global pandemic is being driven by evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants with consequential implications on virus transmissibility, host immunity, and disease severity. Continuous molecular and genomic surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 variants is therefore necessary for public health interventions toward the management of the pandemic. This study is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 cases reported in a Nigerian tertiary institution from July to December 2021. In total, 705 suspected COVID-19 cases that comprised 547 students and 158 non-students were investigated by real time PCR (RT-PCR); of which 372 (~52.8%) tested positive for COVID-19. Using a set of selection criteria, 74 (~19.9%) COVID-19 positive samples were selected for next generation sequencing. Data showed that there were two outbreaks of COVID-19 within the university community over the study period, during which more females (56.8%) tested positive than males (47.8%) (p<0.05). Clinical data together with phylogenetic analysis suggested community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through mostly asymptomatic and/or pre-symptomatic individuals. Confirmed COVID-19 cases were mostly mild, however, SARS-CoV-2 delta (77%) and omicron (4.1%) variants were implicated as major drivers of respective waves of infections during the study period. This study highlights the importance of integrated surveillance of communicable disease during outbreaks.
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Intelligence quotient of neurologically impaired children attending neurology clinic in a nigerian tertiary institution
(Sierra Leone j. biomed. res. (Online), 2018) Adeboye, M. A. N; Katibi, O. S; Adegboye, O. A; Ojuawo, A; Afolabi, J. K; Buhari, O. I. N; Adegunloye, O. A; Bello, S. O; Omefe, P. N; Abdulazeez, T. A.
Background: The need to identify the intellectual capability of neurologically impaired children dictates their educability which can be estimated through their intelligence quotient (IQ). Draw-a-man test for IQ estimation is available, easy and has been validated in Nigeria. Method: Through a prospective, cross-sectional study that lasted 12 months (January-December, 2011), children aged 4 years and above attending neurology clinic were recruited once they have no severe motor or sensory limitations affecting their upper limbs and can obey the instruction to draw a person. Anthropometry was carried out on them and they were comfortably seated to draw a person. The parents or caregivers were instructed not to make any suggestion or hint to them and no time limit was given. Their drawings were assessed using the 52 parameters of Ziler and interpreted accordingly. Ethical procedures were adhered to. The analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and an interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence. Results: Seventy-five (45 male, 30 female) children met the inclusion criteria. Their clinical conditions were Epilepsy 48 (64%), Cerebral Palsy 6 (8%), ADHD 5 (6.7%), Down Syndrome 4 (5.3%), Speech/Hearing impairment 3 (4.0%), Hypothyroidism 2 (2.7%) and 7 (9.3%) others. Their ages ranged from 4 years to 16 years (mean±SD = 9.7± 3.8 years). Their IQ distribution were Normal 4 (5.3%), Borderline 12 (16.0%), Mild Mental Retardation 16 (21.3%), Moderate Mental Retardation 19 (25.3%), Severe and Profound Mental Retardation 24 (32.0%) with no significant difference in relation to their birth order. Conclusions: Ninety-six per cent of the study population had IQ below normal. Epilepsy was the commonest condition seen in the Paediatric Neurology clinic and all categories of IQ are seen among children with epilepsy
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The correlates of stress, coping styles and psychiatric morbidity in the first year of medical education at a Nigerian University
(African Journal of Psychiatry, 2013-06-17) AD Yussuf BA Issa PO Ajiboye OIN Buhari
Objectives: This study was prompted by the heightened concerns about the stress inherent in medical education evident from the incessant requests for suspension of studies due to psychological problems. The objectives of the study were to: (i) survey the students for possible psychological problems at admission, and follow them up till exit for possible changes in morbidity, and (ii) ascertain possible risk factors, and coping strategies. Method: This is a preliminary 2-stage cross-sectional report, which is part of a longitudinal survey. It involves first year medical students of the College of Health Sciences of University of Ilorin between March and April, 2011. Questionnaires used included socio demographic, sources of stress, the general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Maslachfs burnout inventory (MBI), and Brief COPE. Data were analysed using SPSS version 15 at 5% significance level. Chi-square, frequency distributions, Pearsonfs correlation, Odd ratios, and Confidence Intervals were calculated to determine the levels of risk. Results: 79 students returned completed questionnaires. 12 (15.2%) were ghq-12 cases (i.e., scored . 3). Students who had morbidity were 9 times at risk of being stressed consequent upon ecompeting with their peersf and 4 times at risk due to einadequate learning materialsf. Morbidity was significantly more likely to engender use of ereligionf, 4 times less likely to engender use of epositive reframingf with a trend in the use of eself blamef as coping strategies. Conclusion: Aside from psychosocial/ personal issues in this cohort, academic demand was an additional source of psychological problems thereby causing those who had morbidity to utilize ereligionf and epositive reframingf to cope. There is therefore an apparent need to incorporate the principle of mental health promotion in medical education.
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Prevalence and Correlates of Distruptive Behaviour Disorders in Youths in a Juvenile Borstal Institution.
(Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010-06) O. A. ADEGUNLOYE, A. D. YUSUF, P. O. AJIBOYE, B. A. ISSA, O. I. N. BUHARI
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Exploring the characteristics of callers of mental health emergency hotlines in Nigeria: a descriptive study
(PAMJ Clinical Medicine, 2023-12-11) Nnenna Mba-Oduwusi, Aloysius Odii, Tosin Samuel Adeniyi, Mubarak Ahmed, Raphael Emeka Ogbolu, Titi Tade, Olubunmi Idera Buhari, Falmata Baba Shettima, Nneka Ngozichukwu Unaogu, Kehinde Aniyat Sodimu, Bolaji Akala
Introduction: emergency hotlines increasingly garner attention as a viable strategy to enhance access to mental health services. Yet, there is a dearth of research concerning their operations in developing countries. This paper reviewed calls to the mental health emergency hotlines implemented in Nigeria from March 2022 to September 2023. Methods: data were collected through a structured Excel checklist, and subsequently exported to a statistical package for the social sciences for analysis. The analytical approach is predominantly descriptive. Results: the findings reveal that out of the 717 calls received, 512 were associated with mental health concerns. Notably, these mental health-related calls emanated from all six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, especially from the South West zone, closely followed by the South-South zone. Although the majority of callers identified as male, in the North East and North Central regions, there were more female callers. Across all zones, a consistent pattern emerged, with the majority of callers falling within the age bracket of 18 to 27 years. Additionally, there was a significant representation of unemployed individuals among the callers. The primary reason for these calls was a pressing need for urgent mental health services, particularly in response to issues such as depression, anxiety, and suicide. Notably, there was an evident uptick in call volume from July to September. The North West and South West zones displayed a predilection for making most of their calls between 12 - 6 pm. Conclusion: understanding the nuances in these call patterns can serve as a valuable foundation for tailoring targeted mental health interventions to address the specific needs of various geographic zones and demographic groups.